A synthesis matrix is a tool you can use to put your sources in conversation with one another in order to reveal the current state of knowledge in your research area.  It is essentially a table, and most researchers use a spreadsheet format to build one.

A synthesis matrix moves you beyond summarizing individual articles. It allows you to systematically and critically compare and contrast your sources. It helps you visualize areas of consensus and disagreement; locate gaps in the scientific understanding of the topic; and identify areas where further research is needed.

1.  Open a new Google Sheet and name it.

2.  To create your matrix, rows will focus on a single source, and columns will address how each source handles the particular category or themes that you want to address in your synthesis.  You should choose components or themes that make the most sense for your particular research topic.  For example, you may wish to include categories like key findings, methodology, population, and implications.  

3.  Tip:  Freeze the top row and the first column so that these headers remain visible when you scroll.

4.  Fill out the table for each source with condensed notes.  If a source doesn't address a category, leave it blank.

5.  As your understanding of your research topic deepens, you may decide to add additional categories.

6.  When you've completed the matrix, begin to look for patterns.  For example, notice where methodologies differ -- is it significant, and if so why?  Is there scientific consensus on certain facts or do different studies lead to divergent results?  When you look at the entire matrix, what kinds of questions remain for you?  What has research not been able to answer? This kind of careful analysis leads to a true synthesis of the research on your topic.