BEAM is a framework for thinking about the various ways in which a resource might be used to make a researched argument.
What could a writer do with this source?
Background: general information, establish facts
Exhibit: explicate, interpret, analyze
Argument: affirm, dispute, refine, extend
Method: critical lens, key terms, theory, style, perspective, discourse
Source Function |
Explanation |
Examples |
Common Locations |
Background |
Factual and noncontroversial information, providing context |
Encyclopedia articles, overviews in books, statistics, historical facts |
Introduction |
Exhibit/Evidence |
Data, observations, objects, artifacts, documents that can be analyzed |
Text of a novel, field observations, focus group transcriptions, questionnaire data, results of an experiment, interview data (primary sources) |
Body, Results section |
Argument |
Critical views from other scholars and commentators; part of the academic conversation |
Scholarly articles, books, critical reviews (e.g. literacy criticism), editorials |
Body, sometimes in Introduction or in Literature Review |
Method (or Theory) |
Reference to methods or theories used, usually explicit though may be implicit; approach or research methodology used |
Part of books or articles with reference to theorists (e.g. Foucault, Derrida) or theory (e.g. feminism, post-colonialism, new historicism etc.); information on a research methodology |
Methods section or referenced in Introduction or Body |
Roach, S. (2019), Black Respectable Currency: Reading Black Feminism and Sexuality in Contemporary Performance. J Am Cult, 42: 10-20. https://doi-org.ezproxy.ups.edu:2443/10.1111/jacc.12970
Analyzing individual sources
How do these sources work together in one paper?